Breakthrough in the treatment of intestinal cancer: Well-known buy-in pill can save every fifth
Cheap and well-known medicine can be used in the fight against feared disease, research shows.
Most
people know painkillers like something that chases headache, menstrual
pain and toothache away. But the active substance in medicine, just
this hand-bought pill, also seems to be able to keep far greater
enemies at a distance.
Norwegian researchers have just discovered how the drug can save one in five diagnosed with bowel cancer.
This
tells Professor Kjetil Tasken, Director of the Biotechnology Center at
the University of Oslo, who is behind the study, just published in the
recognized journal of clinical oncology.
"We can find that
people who are already diagnosed with colon cancer and who take the
active substance in this particular pill have better survival than
those who do not take this medicine," says the professor according to
the Norwegian newspaper VG.
You'll get it:
Article on new research: Aspirin against bowel cancer
Facts: Symptoms of bowel cancer
Facts: Acetylsalicylic acid
Facts: Bowel cancer in speech
Overview: Known medicine against cancer (painkillers, allergic medicine and chemotherapy, cholesterol medicine and cancer survival
Cheap and well-known medicine can be used in the fight against feared disease, research shows.
Most people know Aspirin as an analgesic pill that chases headache, menstrual pain and toothache. But the active substance in medicine also seems to be able to keep far greater enemies at a distance.
Norwegian researchers have just discovered how the drug can save one in five diagnosed with bowel cancer.
This tells Professor Kjetil Tasken, Director of the Biotechnology Center at the University of Oslo, who is behind the study, just published in the recognized journal of clinical oncology.
"We can find that people who are already diagnosed with colon cancer and who take asa (the active substance in Aspirin, ed.) Have better survival than those who do not take this medicine," said the professor according to the Norwegian newspaper VG.
Thousands die every year
In Denmark, approx. 4,200 Danes each year made a bowel cancer diagnosis - about 2,000 doors. In the study, researchers followed more than 23,000 patients who were diagnosed with bowel cancer. And in the group who, after diagnosis, took pills with that substance, the risk of dying of cancer was 15 percent lower. For those people who, even before diagnosis were taken, took the pills, the risk was 25 percent less. The drug does not have a direct treatment effect, but it reduces the risk of - or at least exposes - relapses.
The active substance with the minor name, acety lsalicylic acid (asa), is found in addition to Aspirin in other medicine types on the shelves of pharmacies.
It is used inter alia for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
»Asa is an old and cheap medicine that has fewer side effects compared with other cancer medicine. One could imagine that the medicine will be used as a supplement to the ordinary cancer treatment like surgery and chemotherapy, "says Kjetil Tasken.
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There are also side effects
At home, the surgeon at Cancer Control Jens Oluf Bruun Pedersen also believes that the new knowledge will quickly be transformed into practice compared to patients already diagnosed with colon cancer. However, he warns - like the Norwegian researchers - that he himself begins to prevent bowel cancer by eating pills with that substance.
»Although the daily dose is quite small, the drug is associated with side effects such as stomach ulcers and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, "he says.
Last year, a Danish study showed that it could reduce the risk of initially developing intestinal cancer by up to 30 percent if a daily dose of 75 mg was obtained, corresponding to less than a headache pill. But before the medication can be recommended as a general precaution, researchers need to know more about the effect.
"We need to carefully consider how we can use it and outweigh the benefits to the disadvantages. We do not have that overview yet, but we will probably have that, "says Jens Oluf Bruun Pedersen.
And then it's also important to find out if the drug should affect other cancers.
»The substance works anti-inflammatory. That is, it reduces inflammation. If inflammation is the cause of other cancers, you can imagine that the drug could also have effect there, "he says.
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Known medicine against cancer
Tarm-resistant to bowel cancer
Medicines like Aspirin, Magnyl, Kodimagnyl and Treo, which work painkillers and blood thinning, contain all the substance acetylsalicylic acid, which has been given more and more evidence of the prevention of colon cancer since the first studies in the 1990s. In addition, there are also research indicating that the drug can propagate other types of cancer such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Experts nevertheless warn against the fact that you start to prevent cancer with the drug, but to talk to your doctor if you are at particular risk of developing bowel cancer.
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Allergy medicine and chemotherapy
Cancer cells may become resistant to chemotherapy after a while. Here, antihistamines, given to allergy, can apparently help the chemo to overcome the resistant cancer cells. Laboratory and mouse tests have at least shown good results with the type of combination treatment.
Cholesterol medicine and cancer survival
Statins, which are drugs that lower blood cholesterol, have been shown to increase the chance of survival of cancer in a major Danish study. In the study, cancer patients who took statins when diagnosed were 15 percent lower risk of dying from their cancer.
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Danish researchers have found a weakness in cancer cells, which can be utilized with a number of old-known drugs. They can kill cancer in a new way and enhance the effect of chemotherapy.
Very common diseases like allergy are treated with pills that have been shown to be able to kill the same cancer cells and kill them.
If you are already suffering from severe depression or heart disease, it may seem inhumanly unfair to also get a cancer diagnosis. However, it may turn out to be luck by accident. A large number of drugs against as diverse diseases as allergy, depression, heart disease and malaria have in common that they have a known side effect that Danish researchers have now shown can be used to hit cancer cells at a weak point that they do not share with healthy cells.
"We have shown that these drugs kill cancer cells, but not normal cells, and now we also know why. We have found a new weakness in cancer cells and a whole new way of killing cancer cells, "says Marja Jaattela, professor at the University of Copenhagen and head of the Department of Cell Death and Metabolism in the Cancer Control. Cancer cells have lost their ability to die the natural programmed cell death, the apoptosis, which causes healthy cells to commit suicide when the cell division runs runaway. Jaattela has found another way to make them die.
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There is hardly a week without headlines about a new substance that kills cancer cells. Most often, it has been "in vitro" - in a test tube - and later it appears to be impossible to get into the body and to the cancer cells. Occasionally, the substance also works 'in vivo' - in a living creature - but later not only does it kill killer cells but also healthy cells.
In this case, the effect is not only measured in both test tubes and mice. These are old and proven drugs that are used by millions of people and where the side effects are extremely well-documented.
"We are dealing with something that we already know is very good in the body. Which not only kills cancer cells, but which is safe to use. We are still looking for the very right molecule, but we can get started with clinical trials, "says Marja Jaattela. Besides Jaattelas's work with cells, mice and drugs in the laboratory, other researchers in the Danish Cancer Society use computers to look for the effects of the drugs in the unique Danish health records.
They have found cancerous Danes who also got these drugs, and are now investigating whether they have had a better survival. "It's actually not something that someone really has been looking for before. We have not yet got the final figures, but it looks promising, "says Chemistry Engineer, Ph.D. Ole Dines Olsen, postdoc at the Cancer Society.
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The new weakness in cancer cells can be utilized by drugs to a wide variety of diseases, that they would never guess they had something in common: Allergy, malaria, hypertension and depression are just some of the diseases that can be treated with medicines that have the known side effect that they accumulate in the lysosomes, which are the internal organs of the cells that provide for the decomposition of used materials.
The obstruction is a side effect that you usually ignore because it usually does not matter in a normal and fast cell. But it turns out to hit the cancer cells at a weak point. Cancer cells have more lysosomes, and they are larger and more active than in normal cells. In addition, cancer cells lysosomes have a weakness in the thin membrane that protects the cell against the degradative enzymes.
"We have found the enzyme that makes the membrane strong. The drugs inhibit this enzyme, making the membranes more fragile. At the same time they rub in the membrane from the inside, "says Marja Jaattela.
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Cancer cells are eaten from within
As the membranes around the lysosomes break, the cancer cell dissolves from within, eating its own digestive fluids. This "lysosomal cell death" was a major issue in cancer research in the 70s, where the explorer of the lysosomes received a Nobel Prize. In the 1980s, however, this research was largely abandoned because it was too difficult to avoid killing healthy and normal cells in passing.
The new use of the old drugs can particularly affect the cancer cells that have become resistant to traditional treatment with celiac disease.
"It's not a miracle cure, but it can be a big step forward. We have found an acillary heel at the cancer cells, and we hope they have more, "says Ole Dines Olsen, who contributed for years to find the effect on the lysosomes, but not the explanation for it.
It happened with the drug siramesin, developed by Lundbeck and was a promising drug candidate, which, however, proved to have less effect on fear than expected. Cancer researchers were allowed to continue with siramesin, which Lundbedk no longer owns.
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